@article {761741, title = {Diversity and dynamics of the Drosophila transcriptome.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {512}, number = {7515}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Aug 28}, pages = {393-9}, abstract = {Animal transcriptomes are dynamic, with each cell type, tissue and organ system expressing an ensemble of transcript isoforms that give rise to substantial diversity. Here we have identified new genes, transcripts and proteins using poly(A)+ RNA sequencing from Drosophila melanogaster in cultured cell lines, dissected organ systems and under environmental perturbations. We found that a small set of mostly neural-specific genes has the potential to encode thousands of transcripts each through extensive alternative promoter usage and RNA splicing. The magnitudes of splicing changes are larger between tissues than between developmental stages, and most sex-specific splicing is gonad-specific. Gonads express hundreds of previously unknown coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), some of which are antisense to protein-coding genes and produce short regulatory RNAs. Furthermore, previously identified pervasive intergenic transcription occurs primarily within newly identified introns. The fly transcriptome is substantially more complex than previously recognized, with this complexity arising from combinatorial usage of promoters, splice sites and polyadenylation sites.}, keywords = {Alternative Splicing, Animals, Drosophila melanogaster, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Male, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Nerve Tissue, Organ Specificity, Poly A, Polyadenylation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Long Noncoding, RNA, Messenger, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Physiological, Transcriptome}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature12962}, author = {Brown, James B and Boley, Nathan and Eisman, Robert and May, Gemma E and Stoiber, Marcus H and Duff, Michael O and Booth, Ben W and Wen, Jiayu and Park, Soo and Suzuki, Ana Maria and Wan, Kenneth H and Yu, Charles and Zhang, Dayu and Carlson, Joseph W and Cherbas, Lucy and Eads, Brian D and Miller, David and Mockaitis, Keithanne and Roberts, Johnny and Davis, Carrie A and Frise, Erwin and Hammonds, Ann S and Olson, Sara and Shenker, Sol and Sturgill, David and Samsonova, Anastasia A and Weiszmann, Richard and Robinson, Garret and Hernandez, Juan and Andrews, Justen and Bickel, Peter J and Carninci, Piero and Cherbas, Peter and Gingeras, Thomas R and Hoskins, Roger A and Kaufman, Thomas C and Lai, Eric C and Oliver, Brian and Perrimon, Norbert and Graveley, Brenton R and Celniker, Susan E} }